THE+PHYSICCAL+PROPERTIES+OF+MATTER

= = =__THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER.__= //Why is it important to understand the physical property of a matter? It is because that chemistry is a science which always talks about the properties of matters.// The Two Main Properties Involved in Chemistry. (Before learning the two properties, let's make sure what a substance is. e.x. The boiling temperature of pure water is 100 °C and there is no new substance when the water is boiling. Well, physical properties can be set into 2 categories, one is Intensive Property, the other is Extensive Property. e.x. Volume is one of the extensive properties of a substance. If you have more substance, the volume of it will increase. (more examples of extensive properties: shape, length, time required to dissolve a solid) ( HINT: You CANNOT use extensive properties of a substance to identify it because a extensive property is not the only feature of a substance.) the substance. e.x. Density is one of the intensive property of a substance. Same substance always has same density but different amount. (more examples of intensive properties: smell, colour, electrical conductivity, hardness) ( HINT: We can use intensive properties to identify a substance.)
 * Substance:** A substance is a unique thing that has it own properties which help to distinguish it from others.)
 * Physical Property:** A physical property of a substance which can be found without creating a new substance.
 * Extensive Property:** When we think about the extensive property of a substance, we must take its amount into consideration.
 * Intensive Property: ** When we think about the intensive property of a substance, the nature of the substance must be taken into consideration. Also, the amount of the substance is not a intensive property of


 * Chemical Property: ** It is an ability of a substance to change into a new substance when chemical reaction happens. The substance can change into another substance by itself or with other substance.

//We see different matters every day and they exist in different forms. All of them exists in three states and we call them THREE COMMON STATES of matters. They are solid, liquid and gas. What are the unique properties of them? How to distinguish them from each other? Now, let's see them together. ^.^// __molecule space in solid:__ The particles are well and highly organized. Particles are rigid and contact with each other directly, therefore, solids are not compressible. __molecule space in liquid:__ The particles are connected to each other. However, there is enough room to alow them slide one another and prevent an organized packing. Therefore, liquids are not compressible. __molecule space in gas__: The particles seperate widely. They contact with each other only when they clash to each other. However, gases are compressible because the space between particles can be decreased.
 * Solids~ ** Solid matters have their own shapes and they do not easily change. There are some changes in volumes when they are heated or subjected to pressure, but the changes are really really small.
 * Liquids~**Shapes of matters depend on their containers that their shapes change when the containers change. When liquids are heated, their volumes will be influenced slightly.
 * Gases~**Shapes of matters depended on their containers that their shapes change when the containers change. Volumes have extreme changes when they are heated.

//The additional definitions which are required to see physical properties.( from the text book)//
 * Hardness: ** The ability of a solid to resist abrasion or scratching.
 * Malleability:** the ability to be rolled or hammered into thin sheets.
 * Ductility:** The ability to be stretched ot drawn intowires.
 * Lustre:** The manner in which a solid suiface reflects light. Lustres can vary from metallic to adamantine(diamond-like), glassy, oily, pearly, silky or dull.
 * Viscosity:** The resistance of a fluid to flow.
 * Diffusion:** The intermingling of fluids of motion within the fluid( this applies to both gases and liquids)
 * Vapour:** The gaseous material formed by the evaporation of a substance which boils above room temperature.
 * Vapour Pressure:** The pressure created by the vapour evaporating from a liquid.(VP)