Introduction+to+functional+groups+and+Alcohols---Elizabeth

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=Definition: a __//Functional Group//__ i//s a specific group of atoms which exists in a molecule and gives a molecule an ability to react in a specific manner or gives it special properties.(Text233)//=

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 * Name || ---functional gorup-- || -suffix --- || --prefix-- || Example- ||
 * alkene || C=C || ene** (suffix) ** ||  || CH3--CH=CH--CH3 ||
 * alkyne || C=C || yne **(suffix)** ||  || CH=C--CH3 ||
 * halide || --F,--CI,--Br,or--I ||  || "fluror""chloro" "bromo" "iodo" **(prefix)** || CH3--CI ||   ||
 * alcohol || --OH || ol **(suffix)** ||  || CH3--CH2--CH2--OH ||
 * aldehyde || --CHO || al **(suffix)** ||  || HCHO ||
 * ketone || --CO-- || one **(suffix)** ||  || CH3--CH2--CO--CH3 ||   ||
 * ether || --O-- ||  || oxy **(in the middle)** || CH3--CH2--O--CH3 ||
 * amine || --NH2 ||  || amino **(prefix)** || CH3--CH2--NH2 ||
 * amide || --CONH2 || amide **(suffix)** ||  || CH3--CH2--CONH2 ||
 * carboxylic acid || --COOH || oic **(suffix)** ||  || HCOOH ||
 * ester || --COO-- || oate ** (suffix) ** ||  || CH3--COO--CH3 ||
 * aromatic ring || [|chemistry] || ene(special type) ** (suffix **) ||  || [|aromatic ring example] ||

With functional group, a chemist can


 * make a molecule act as a base, an acid, or both



** *An amino acid has an organic acid with an amine group at 2 different position,it could react with both acids and bases. **


 * give the molecule a particular solubility
 * give a molecule a pleasant or unpleasant smell
 * make a molecule react with specific chemicals
 * make a molecule explosive

**A.Alcohols**

Definition:An **ALCOHOL** is an organic compund containing an OH group 1. . 2. 3...

4 All pictures above belongs to alcohol group because they have an OH group.


 * **rule :** || **to name an alcohol** ||
 * * || **give the lowest possible number to the OH group** ||
 * * || **place the number before the name of the parent hydrocabon ,separated by a dash . Alkyl groups are placed in front of the number for the OH** ||
 * * || **change the "e" ending of the hydrocarbon chain to " ol "** ||

__**Application:**__ 1.Ethanol is used as beverage(juice),and an antiseptic. 2.Some used as fuel(burning material). 3.Some used as medicines. 4.Alcohols used in industry and science as reagents or solvents.

__Practices:__ Identify the following substances if they are functional group: (1) -- (2)--(3)-(4) Answer :YES! ALL OF THEM ARE FUNCTIONAL GROUP. Explanation : (1)is a double bond(alkene group) (2)also is a double bond(we don't need to pay attention to Na,because it would not influence if it is a functional group) (3) still it is a functional group (combine aromatic ring and aldehyde ). (4) is a functional group, still a functional group( aromatic ring and aldehyde )

reference: [] []. [] []

[] [] [] [|http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=alkene&in=28530&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=15&rn=1&di=23893491075&ln=245&fr=&ic=0&s=0&se=1][|http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=alkene&in=6877&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=8&rn=1&di=15167899365&ln=245&fr=&ic=0&s=0&se=1#pn9][|__http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=2&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=aldehyde&in=1299&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=21&rn=1&di=10925536590&ln=282&fr=&ic=0&s=0&se=1#pn21__] [|__http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=2&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=aldehyde&in=9905&cl=2&cm=1&sc=0&lm=-1&pn=12&rn=1&di=28217919525&ln=282&fr=&ic=0&s=0&se=1__]

[|Some useful links:] [|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_group][|http://cn.bing.com/reference/semhtml/?title=Functional_group&]